Startups

Previously Unmanufacturable

Software's hidden cost is learning its grammar. AI lets a founder speak English & use CAD to make a dress once previously unmanufacturable.

Previously Unmanufacturable

When Models Learn

Today's AI doesn't learn after it's trained. Test-time training changes that, & the tradeoff it creates, one model per user instead of one model for everyone, may be the more efficient architecture despite what it costs a GPU provider to serve.

When Models Learn

When AI Costs More Than the Engineer

Anthropic spends 2.3x payroll on compute. Top software firms spend 0.4x. Three scenarios for where the rest of the market lands by 2029.

When AI Costs More Than the Engineer

A CEO's Cost of Capital Advantage

Some founders raise $100m on an idea. Others struggle for $2m. The difference is personal cost of capital, & Musk's SpaceX IPO proves its power.

A CEO's Cost of Capital Advantage

The Substitution Wave in AI

Frontier model prices keep rising while open-source crosses the good enough line. Coinbase, Lindy, Harvey & Cursor are substituting — & the savings go straight back into more tokens.

The Substitution Wave in AI

Optimizing Software Factories

As engineering teams shrink and AI agents multiply, key-person risk becomes existential. The ratio you choose determines your team's shape and its fragility.

Optimizing Software Factories